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Kodi Parallel Twin Screw Barrel Ndi Chiyani Ndipo Imagwira Ntchito Motani?

2026-07-23 0 Ndisiyireni uthenga
<span style="display:none;" id="__kindeditor_bookmark_start_4__"></span>Kodi Parallel Twin Screw Barrel Ndi Chiyani? Momwe Imagwirira Ntchito | Nanhaiya


A parallel twin screw mbiyaimakhala ndi zomangira ziwiri za m'mimba mwake mosalekeza mbali ndi mbali mu chibowo chachisanu ndi chitatu. Zomangirazo zimatembenukira pamodzi ndikukankhira zinthu kutsogolo pozitsekera pakati pa ndege, m'malo mozikokera pakhoma monga momwe sikona imodzi imachitira. Zosankha ziwiri zamapangidwe zimasankha zomwe makinawo angachite: kozungulira (kuzungulira kozungulira kapena kozungulira) ndi kuya kwa mauna (mokwanira, pang'ono, kapena ayi). Pezani zida ziwiri zolondola komanso zofananira, zolowera, kapena zotulutsa PVC zolimba.

Funsani ogulitsa atatu kuti mbiya yamapasa yofananira ndi chiyani ndipo mupeza mayankho atatu osamveka bwino okhudza "zomangira ziwiri m'malo mwa chimodzi." Izo zimatsitsa izo. Mapangidwe a mapasa amasintha momwe zinthu zimayendera pamakina, ndipo kusiyana komwe kumapangidwira ndiko chifukwa chake zomangira zimagwira ntchito zomwe sikona imodzi siyingathe.

Bukuli limakhudza zimango, ma nkhwangwa awiri omwe amasankha momwe angagwiritsire ntchito, zinthu zenizeni, komanso kukula kwake. Kuti muwone zambiri zachigawocho, onani wathuextruder screw mbiya kalozera.

Kodi Parallel Twin Screw Barrel Ndi Chiyani?

Kufanana twin screw barrel ndi plasticizing unit ya twin screw extruder. Ili ndi magawo awiri omwe amagwira ntchito ngati dongosolo limodzi: mbiya yokhala ndi zibowo ziwiri zopindika, zomwe zimapanga gawo la mtanda lachisanu ndi chitatu, ndi zomangira ziwiri zomwe zimakhala mkati mwake.

Kufananazikutanthauza kuti zomangira zimasunga m'mimba mwake momwemo kuyambira kumapeto kwa chakudya mpaka kumapeto. Bore limakhala lofanana kukula kwake lonse. Kumeneku ndiko kusiyana kwakukulu kuchokera ku mapasa a conical, pomwe zomangira zonse ndi zomangira zimatsikira ku kufa.

Mawonekedwe ofananawo amapatsa wokonzayo gawo lokhazikika la mtanda kuti azigwira ntchito limodzi ndi kutalika kwake konse, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala kosavuta kupanga makina aatali okhala ndi malo ophatikizira, kutulutsa mpweya, ndi kusakaniza magawo. Kufananiza pakati pa mafomu awiriwa kukuphimbidwa m'nkhani yathuconical vs parallel guide.

Parallel twin screw barrel set manufactured by Nanhaiya
Zomapawiri zofananira ndi mbiya. Zomangirazo zimakhala ndi m'mimba mwake mosalekeza motsatira utali wonse wa ntchito.

Momwe Parallel Twin Screw Barrel Imagwirira Ntchito, Gawo ndi Gawo

  1. Kudyetsa.Zinthu zimagwera pakhosi ndikugwera pa zomangira zonse ziwiri nthawi imodzi. Zomangira ziwiri zimatenga ufa, ma flakes, ndi chakudya chosakhazikika chomwe sikona imodzi imavutikira kugwira.
  2. Kutumiza.Zomangira zimatembenuka ndipo kuwuluka kwa screw imodzi kumapukuta njira ya inayo. Zofunika zimatsekeredwa mu zipinda zooneka ngati C pakati pa maulendo apaulendo ndi kukankhidwira kutsogolo ndi makina.
  3. Kusungunuka.Zotenthetsera za migolo zimapereka gawo la kutentha. Zina zimachokera ku kumeta ubweya pamene zinthuzo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mumpata wopapatiza pomwe zomangira zimalumikizana, yomwe ndi gawo lolimba kwambiri pamakina.
  4. Kusakaniza.Kuzungulira kulikonse kumagawaniza, kupindika, ndikuphatikizanso mtsinje wosungunuka. Kugawanika kobwerezabwereza ndiko komwe kumabalalitsa zodzaza, ma pigment, ndi zowonjezera mofanana.
  5. Kutulutsa mpweya.Pa mbiya yotuluka mpweya, tchanelo chimazama padoko lolowera mpweya kotero kuti kupanikizika kumatsika mpaka kufupi ndi ziro. Chinyezi ndi zowomba zimathawira kumeneko, nthawi zambiri popanda vacuum.
  6. Kupopa ndi metering.Gawo lomaliza limapanga kukakamiza ndikupereka kusungunuka kokhazikika kukufa kapena pelletizer.
Kupanga misala yofananira ku Nanhaiya.

Co-Rotating vs Counter-Rotating: Njira ziwiri, Ntchito ziwiri

Zomangira zimatha kutembenukira mbali imodzi kapena mbali zina. Chisankho chimodzi chimenecho chimasintha mawonekedwe a makina kwathunthu.

Kuzungulira kozungulira Potsutsa-kuzungulira
Njira yolowera Zomangira zonse ziwiri zimatembenuka chimodzimodzi Zomangira zimatembenukira mbali zosiyana
Njira yakuthupi Imatsatira chithunzi chachisanu ndi chitatu kuzungulira zomangira zonse ziwiri Kufinyidwa ndi nsonga pakati pa zomangira
Kumeta ubweya Wapamwamba, komanso wosinthika kudzera mu zomangira M'munsi, ndi mofatsa pa nkhani
Liwiro la screw Wapamwamba Pansi
Kupanga kukanikiza Wapakati Wamphamvu ndi wokhazikika
Zabwino kwambiri pa Compounding, masterbatch, reactive extrusion, zodzaza mankhwala Olimba PVC chitoliro ndi mbiri, zinthu kutentha tcheru

Kuzungulira kozungulirazomangira ndi chida chophatikizira. Kumeta ubweya wambiri komanso kuthamanga kwambiri kumabalalitsa ulusi wagalasi, pigment, ndi zowonjezera bwino, zomwe ndizomwe zimafunikira gulu losinthidwa.

Potsutsa-kuzungulirazomangira zimagwira ntchito ngati mpope wosuntha wabwino. Mphuno pakati pawo imanyamula zinthu kutsogolo pansi pa kukameta ubweya wochepa, ndipo ndizomwe zimafuna PVC yolimba, popeza PVC imawononga mukameta mwamphamvu. Zathumigolo yozungulira yozungulira yofanana ndi mapasazimapangidwira ntchitoyo, ndipo chemistry kumbuyo kwake imakhala mwathuPVC screw barrel guide.

Counter-rotating parallel twin screw barrel for PVC extrusion by Nanhaiya
Seti yozungulira. Kuphatikizika pakati pa zomangira kumapopera zinthu patsogolo pakumeta ubweya wochepa.

Mwathunthu, Mwapang'ono, Kapena Osakhala ndi Meshing: Ma Axis Ambiri Amadumphira

Njira yozungulira ndi theka la magawo. Mzere wachiwiri ndi momwe zomangira ziwirizi zimalumikizirana, ndipo maupangiri ambiri samatchulapo.

Zomangira zathu zamapasa zofananira zimabwera m'mitundu itatu ya meshing:mameshing kwathunthu, ma meshing pang'ono, komanso osalumikizana. Kusiyana kwake ndikuti kuwuluka kwa screw imodzi kumafikira panjira ya inzake.

  • Kwathunthu meshing.Kuwuluka kwa wononga imodzi kumafika muzu wa winayo, ndikusiya kusiyana kochepa. Uwu ndiye mtundu wodziwika kwambiri mu mapulasitiki otulutsa, chifukwa chilolezo cholimba chimapereka kumeta bwino komanso kusakanikirana ndikupukuta mayendedwe pomwe zomangira zimatembenuka.
  • Pang'ono meshing.Zomangira zimalumikizana, koma mozama. Kutumiza kumakhalabe kwabwino pomwe kukameta ubweya kumatsika, komwe kumagwirizana ndi zinthu zomwe sizingagwire ntchito mwaukali.
  • Zopanda meshing.Zomangira zimakhala mbali ndi mbali popanda kuchitapo kanthu. Makinawa amakhala pafupi ndi zomangira ziwiri zimodzi mumbiya imodzi, zokhala ndi chithandizo chofewa kwambiri komanso zosawoneka bwino.

Chomwe chimapangitsa kuti "twin screw" chokhacho chisafotokoze makina. Kulumikizana kwathunthu ndi kusinthasintha ndi chida chosiyana ndi ma meshing ndi kuzungulira kwathunthu, ndipo zonsezi zimasiyana ndi dongosolo lopanda ma meshing. Mukatchulanso seti yowonjezera, mtundu wa meshing uyenera kufanana ndi makina omwe muli nawo.

Chifukwa Chimene Ma Twin Screws Amatulutsa Mosiyana ndi Zingwe Zokha

Sikwala limodzi ndi pampu yokoka. Zimadalira kugundana: zakuthupi ziyenera kumamatira ku khoma la migolo kuposa momwe zimamatirira pa screw, kapena zimangozungulira m'malo mopita patsogolo.

Kudalira kumeneko kumabweretsa mavuto enieni. Ufa, ma flakes, ndi chakudya choterera kapena chotsitsa pang'ono sizigwira bwino, chifukwa chake wononga kapena kufa ndi njala. Zotsatira zake zimasiyanasiyana ndi momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchito tsiku limenelo.

Zomangira ziwiri zimapereka zabwino. Kuwuluka kwa screw imodzi kumasesa njira ya inzake, motero zinthu zimakankhidwa mwamakina kaya zikugwira khoma kapena ayi. Zotulutsa zimakhalabe zokhazikika, ndipo chakudya chomwe chimagonjetsera screw imodzi chimadutsa popanda kudandaula.

Ichi ndichifukwa chake zomangira ziwiri zimalamulira kuphatikiza ndi ntchito ya ufa wa PVC. Kuyerekezera kwathunthu kuli m'miyoyo yathusingle screw vs twin screw guide.

Kodi Parallel Twin Screw Barrel Amapangidwa Ndi Chiyani

Chitsulo choyambira chimanyamula katundu wamakina. Pamwamba pamwamba pake pamatenga kuvala. Nawa mafotokozedwe omwe timapangira ma parallel twin screw sets.

Kufotokozera Mtengo
Zida zoyambira 38CrMoAlA
Kutentha mankhwala kuuma HB260-320
Nitriding kuuma HV950-1000
Kuzama kwa nitriding 0.50–0.70 mm
Nitriding brittleness Grade 1 kapena kuposa
Pamwamba roughness Ra0.4
Zowongoka 0.015 mm
Chrome plating kuuma HV950 kapena apamwamba
Makulidwe a Chrome 0.05–0.10 mm
Bimetallic kuuma HRC60-65
Bimetallic kuya 2.0–3.0 mm

Manambala awiri patebulolo amafunikira chidwi mukayerekeza mawu.Kuwongoka kwa 0.015 mmimasankha ngati zomangirazo zikuyendadi mu chiboliro chachisanu ndi chitatu, ndipo zomangira zopindika zimavala mbali imodzi ya bowo ndikuwononganso m'malo mwake.Nitriding brittlenessndiye cheke chaubwino omwe ambiri ogulitsa samasindikiza: chikwama cholimba chomwe chimakhala ndi brittle chips chochotsedwa m'malo mokana kuvala.

Kupitilira muyeso, timapanga zitsulo zotentha, chitsulo chozizira, chitsulo chothamanga kwambiri, chitsulo cha HIP ufa, ndi ma aloyi a PTA. Pamene chakudya ndi abrasive kapena dzimbiri, njira bimetallic m'malo nitriding, ndi wathubimetallic vs nitrided guidechimakwirira pamene izo zilipira.

Kukula: Diameter, L/D, ndi Zotulutsa

Screw diameter imayika ma throughput. L/D imayika malo ochuluka omwe makinawo amasungunuka, kusakaniza, ndi kutuluka m'njira. Nawa ma parallel twin screws omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi ziwerengero zawo zosindikizidwa pa PVC.

Chitsanzo Chidutswa chaching'ono (mm) L/D Kutulutsa kwa PVC (kg / h) Liwiro la screw (rpm) Njinga (kW)
NHY75 75 26–36 220-350 45 45
NHY90 90 26–36 280-460 45 55
Mtengo wa NHY110 110 26–36 350-650 45 75
Mtengo wa NHY120 120 26–36 500-800 45 110
Mtengo wa NHY130 130 26–36 680-1000 45 132

Werengani ndondomekoyi osati mizere yokha. Zotulutsa zimatengera kukula kwake, ndipo mphamvu yamagalimoto imakwera nayo, chifukwa kukankhira zinthu zambiri kumafuna torque yambiri. Gulu la L/D limakhala lofanana pamitundu yonseyi, chifukwa chiŵerengero chake ndi kusankha kwapangidwe m'malo motengera kukula kwake.

Kunja kwa mitundu iyi timapanga zomangira zofananira kuyambira 45 mm mpaka 150 mm, zokhala ndi L/D kuyambira 32:1 mpaka 38:1 pamapaipi athu a PVC kapena ogwirizana ndi mzere wanu. Zomwe L/D amakugulirani zaphimbidwa mu chiwongolero chathu cha L/D, ndipo mndandanda wathunthu umakhala patsamba lathuparallel twin screw product page.

Chidziwitso chimodzi pazotulutsa:manambala a kg/h pamwambapa ndi a PVC. Sinthani polima, kapangidwe kake, kapena kufa, ndipo zotulutsa zimayenda nazo. Chitani zomwe zasindikizidwa ngati kalozera wa kukula, kenako tsimikizirani motsutsana ndi maphikidwe anu.

Zomwe Parallel Twin Screws Imapanga Kwenikweni

Mabanja anayi ogwiritsira ntchito amagwiritsa ntchito zambiri zomwe makinawa amachita, ndipo amachokera kuzinthu zopangira mpaka kuzinthu zotsirizidwa.

Kusintha kwa pulasitiki ndi kuphatikiza

Kwambiri mmene ntchito. Kumeta mwamphamvu ndi mphamvu yobalalitsa imalola polima woyambira monga PP, PE, kapena ABS kuti asakanizidwe mofanana ndi ulusi wagalasi, ulusi wa kaboni, zoletsa moto, ndi ma antioxidants. Izi zimapanga magiredi olimbikitsidwa, osawotcha moto, kapena owongolera, monga magalasi-fiber-reinforced PP omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'zigawo zamagalimoto ndi ABS yoletsa malawi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagetsi.

Mtundu ndi ntchito masterbatch

Mitundu yamitundu yambiri, utoto, kapena zowonjezera zogwira ntchito zimasakanizidwa mu utomoni wonyamulira, kenako amatuluka ndi kupangidwa ndi pelletized. Izi zimapanga mtundu wa masterbatch wopaka utoto, kapena masterbatch ogwira ntchito monga antistatic ndi antibacterial grade. Zomangira ziwiri zimathetsa vuto losakanikirana losakanikirana lomwe limalepheretsa zomangira imodzi pa ntchitoyi.

Granulation parallel twin screw for compounding by Nanhaiya
A granulation parallel twin screw. Kuphatikizika ndi ma pelletizing kumadalira kugawanika mobwerezabwereza ndi kubwezeretsanso kusungunuka.

Extrusion akamaumba

Chitoliro, mbiri, pepala, ndi filimu. Zomangira zamapasa zimatengera kukhuthala kwamphamvu, kulimba-kuti-pulasitiki ma polima monga PVC ndi PC makamaka bwino. PVC ngalande chitoliro, khomo ndi zenera mbiri, ndi pepala pepala zonse zimadalira yunifolomu pulasitiki zomangira mapasa amapereka, zomwe ndi zimene zimachititsa kuti zinthu zolakwika. ZathuPVC chitoliro parallel screw migolokupereka madzi ndi ngalande chitoliro, ngalande magetsi, ndi chitoliro zoteteza.

Zobwezerezedwanso pulasitiki processing

Zinyalala za PP ndi PE zimadutsa pakumeta ndi kutenthetsa zomwe zimachotsa zonyansa, zimachepetsa nkhawa, ndikubwezeretsanso zinthuzo kuti zipangike. Zakudya zobwezerezedwanso sizigwirizana ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zoyipitsidwa, zomwe ndi mtundu womwewo wa zogwirira ntchito zopatsa bwino. 

Momwe Mungadziwire Pamene Parallel Twin Screw Set Ikufunika Kusintha

Zovala zapawiri zimawonekera m'malo omwewo nthawi zonse, ndipo makinawo amakuuzani mbali zisanawonekere zoyipa.

  • Zotuluka zikugwapa liwiro lomwelo wononga. Chilolezo chowonongeka chimasungunula kubwerera m'mbuyo m'malo mopita patsogolo.
  • Kusakaniza madontho abwino.Mizere yamitundu kapena kugawa kofanana kodzaza kumatanthawuza kuti zomangira sizikupukutana bwino.
  • Kuchuluka kwa injinipotulutsa mosalekeza, zomwe zimaloza kukokera, kusalinganiza bwino, kapena kukana kukana kwa zinthu zomanga.
  • Mayendedwe apamwamba apamwambapa mankhwala omalizidwa, nthawi zambiri chinthu choyamba chomwe dipatimenti yapamwamba imazindikira.

Tsimikizirani ndi zida osati zowonera. Yezerani ndege ya OD ndi ID yofananira ndi zojambulazo, ndikuyang'ana chilolezo chapakati, chomwe ndi chosiyana ndi zomangira ziwiri komanso zosavuta kuziwona. 

Zomangira ziwiri ndi ziwiri zofanana.Chilolezo cha intermesh chimayikidwa pakupanga. Kusintha wononga imodzi ndikusunga inayo sikubwezeretsa chilolezocho, chifukwa chake zomangira zamapasa zimapangidwa, kuperekedwa, ndikusinthidwa ngati awiri.

Chifukwa Chiyani Mumagwira Ntchito Ndi Nanhaiya

Nanhaiya wamanga zomangira ndi migolo kwa zaka zopitilira 20 ndipo amatumikira makasitomala 500+ padziko lonse lapansi. Zathuosiyanasiyana zomangira mapasachimakwirira compating, granulation, PS thovu, aluminiyamu-pulasitiki panel, mphira ndi pulasitiki, ndi PVC chitoliro ntchito masanjidwe mozungulira ndi potsutsa kasinthasintha.

Seti iliyonse imapangidwa kuchokera ku 38CrMoAlA ndikumalizidwa kuzomwe zili patsamba lomwe lili pamwambapa, ndikuwongolera kulolerana kokhazikika komanso kuyezetsa koyenera kwamphamvu isanatumizidwe. Ma seti athu amapangidwa kuti agwirizane ndi mitundu yayikulu yotulutsa kunja kuphatikiza KraussMaffei, Cincinnati, ndi Jwell, ndipo timasintha mawonekedwe a screw, kuchuluka kwa kuponderezana, kapangidwe ka mpweya, ndi zowotchera pamzere wanu.

Asanatchule mawu, mainjiniya athu amagwiritsa ntchito magawo ndi inu: mainchesi, kuchuluka kwa mawonekedwe, kuzama kwa screw groove, ndi kusankha kwazinthu. Ndalamayi imakhudza malonda, kutumiza, ndi mtengo wokonzekera, ndipo imakufika kwa inu mkati mwa maola 12. Pambuyo pobereka, akatswiri athu amathandizira kukhazikitsa ndi kutumiza, ndipo zotsatsa pambuyo pake zimayankhidwa mkati mwa maola 24.

Mukufuna chomata chofananira chomangidwa pamakina anu? Tumizani chitsanzo chanu, zojambula, kapena zitsanzo zowonongeka, kuphatikizapo zinthu zomwe mumayendetsa. Timabwereza mawu mkati mwa maola 12.

Pezani Mawu a Twin Screw

Mafunso Ofunsidwa Kawirikawiri

Kodi mbiya yowirikiza iwiri ndi chiyani?

Ndi gawo lopangira pulasitiki la mapasa wononga extruder: mbiya yokhala ndi zibowo ziwiri zopindika zomwe zimapanga gawo lalikulu lachisanu ndi chitatu, lokhala ndi zomangira ziwiri zokhazikika. Zomangira zimatumiza zinthu patsogolo mwamakina pozitsekera pakati pa ndege, m'malo modalira kugundana ndi khoma la migolo.

Kodi parallel screw barrel imagwira ntchito bwanji?

Zinthu zimagwera pa zomangira zonse ziwiri pakhosi. Zomangirazo zikamatembenuka, kuwuluka kwa imodzi kumapukuta njira ya inzake, kumatchera zinthu ndi kukankhira kutsogolo. Zowotchera migolo ndi kumeta ubweya m'malo ophatikizika amazisungunula, kuzungulira kulikonse kumagawika ndikuphatikizanso kusungunula kuti kusakanikirana, ndipo gawo lomaliza limapanga kukakamiza kudyetsa kufa.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa kusinthasintha ndi kusinthasintha?

Zomangira zozungulira zimatembenuzanso chimodzimodzi ndikumeta ubweya wambiri pa liwiro lalikulu, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi kuphatikiza, masterbatch, ndi zodzaza. Zomangira zozungulira zozungulira zimatembenuzira mbali zosiyana ndikuchita ngati pampu yosuntha bwino, kupanga kupanikizika kwamphamvu pakameta kochepa. Kuchita bwinoko ndizomwe chitoliro cholimba cha PVC ndi mbiri zimafunikira.

Kodi zomangira zonse, zomangira pang'ono, ndi zomangira zopanda ma meshing ndi chiyani?

Amafotokoza mozama zomangira ziwirizi. Zomangira zonse za meshing zimafika pamizu ya wina ndi mzake ndi kusiyana kwazing'ono, kupereka kumeta bwino komanso kusakaniza, ndipo uwu ndi mtundu wodziwika kwambiri mu pulasitiki extrusion. Zomangira zomangira pang'ono zimalumikizana pang'ono ndikuchepetsa kumeta ubweya. Zomangira zopanda ma meshing zimakhala mbali ndi mbali popanda kuchitapo kanthu, kumapereka chithandizo chaulemu kwambiri.

Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa parallel ndi conical twin screws?

Zomangira zofananira zimasunga m'mimba mwake momwemo kuchokera ku chakudya mpaka kukhetsa, ndipo borelo limakhalabe kukula kosalekeza. Zomata zapawiri zopindika, zokhala ndi malekezero okulirapo omwe amafikira kufa. Fomu yofananira imapereka gawo lokhazikika pamtanda motalika, zomwe zimapanga makina aatali okhala ndi mpweya ndi kusakaniza magawo molunjika kuti amange.

Nchifukwa chiyani mugwiritsire ntchito zomangira ziwiri m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito screw imodzi?

Kulankhula kwabwino. Chomangira chimodzi chimadalira kugundana, chifukwa chake zinthu ziyenera kugwira khoma la migoloyo kuti zipite patsogolo, ndipo ufa, ma flakes, ndi chakudya choterera zimayambitsa kuphulika. Zomangira ziwiri zimakankhira zinthu motsatira makina mosasamala kanthu za kugwira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwonjezeke komanso kuwalola kuti azigwira chakudya chomwe chimagonjetsera screw imodzi.

Kodi zomangira zamapasa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito chiyani?

Mabanja anayi akuluakulu: kusinthidwa kwa pulasitiki ndikuphatikiza ndi ulusi wagalasi, ulusi wa kaboni, kapena zoletsa moto; mtundu ndi zinchito masterbatch kupanga; extrusion wa chitoliro, mbiri, pepala, ndi filimu kuphatikizapo PVC ndi PC; ndi kukonza pulasitiki zobwezerezedwanso kumene zinyalala PP ndi PE amatsukidwa, kukonzanso pulasitiki, ndi pelletized.

Kodi zomangira ziwiri zikuyenera kusinthidwa ngati ma peyala?

Inde. Chilolezo cha intermesh pakati pa zomangira ziwirizo chimayikidwa popanga ndipo sichingabwezedwe posintha skruru imodzi motsutsana ndi mnzake wotopa. Zomangira zamapasa zimapangidwa, kuperekedwa, ndikusinthidwa ngati zofananira, ndipo ziyenera kusungidwa ndikusamalidwa motere.

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